高中英语作文：靓化词汇——学会运用高级表达

靓化词汇——学会运用高级表达

英语书面表达第五档作文中提到：语法结构或词汇方面有些许错误，但为尽力使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇所致。换句话说，如果考生使用高级词汇或句型，即使犯了少量或轻微的语言错误，也可不扣分，文章还是属于最高档次。因此，为了让文章档次高，首先要学会使用高级词汇。

高级词汇的使用能够给文章增添色彩和画面感。它会大大提升文章的档次，从而帮助考生获得高分。要做到准确使用高级词汇，应该注意以下几个方面：

一、使用亮点词汇的4种方法

1．标新立异　“语”众不同

在写作时，恰当地使用一些别人可能想不到的词汇或表达，会体现出自己的高水平。

(1) He will also spend some time in staying with me and share many funny things with me about his work.→He will also spare some time to accompany me and share many funny things with me about his work. (2020·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)

(2)I like the school uniform betterthan the traditional Chinese dress at the welcome ceremony next month.→I prefer the school uniform to the traditional Chinese dress at the welcomeceremony next month.(2019·江苏高考书面表达)

(3)Whenever I meet difficulties, you always cheer me up and help me out.→Whenever I encounter difficulties, you always cheerme up and help me out.(2019·浙江高考书面表达)

(4) Great changes have taken place in our school in the lastfew years. And the news came that a shortfilm will be shown in our school.

→Our school has witnessed great changes in the lastfew years. And word came that a shortfilm will be shown in our school. (2018·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)

(5)I’m busy with my lessons now, for the College Entrance Examination, whichis very important to me, is near.

→I’m occupied with my lessons now, for the College Entrance Examination,which is of great importance to me，is around the corner. (天津高考书面表达)

2．多样表达　避免重复

在写作时，应尽量避免重复使用相同的单词或短语，要尽量用贴切多样的词语来展示自己的水平。用词不同、表达方式迥异，也是高级用法。

(1)There are different kinds of fruittrees as well as many animals.→There are different kindsof fruit trees as well as a variety ofanimals. (2020·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)

(2)Then there will be different fantastic performances playedby talented students.→Then there will be various fantastic performances played bytalented students. (2019·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)

(3)Moreover, we will build a new stadiumand with the stadium built, a wide rangeof sports events are able to be held.

→Moreover，we will build a new stadium and withthe stadium set up, a wide range of sportsevents are able to be held. (2018·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)

3．短语优先　语言生动

当单词和短语表示同一个意思时，优先使用短语。恰当使用短语，一方面能使文章更加生动，另一方面也能展示出学生扎实的语言功底。

(1)If it is convenient, may I visit you at your office next Tuesday togive you more details？→If it is convenient, mayI pay you a visit at your office next Tuesday to give you more details? (2020·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)

(2)The match will be held in our school gym on the afternoonof July 4th.→Thematch will take place in our school gymon the afternoon of July 4th. (2019·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)

(3)Hopefully，these suggestions would be helpful/beneficial to you.

→Hopefully, these suggestionswould be of great help/benefit to you.  (2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)

(4)To learn more about the development of our school, all the studentsare welcome to watch the short film Growing Together.

→Withthe aim of learningmore about the development of our school, all the students are welcome to watchthe short film Growing Together. (2018·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)

4．高级词汇　凸显水平

为了表现自己的语言功底，显示出自己的写作水平，应避免反复使用低年级学过的简单词汇，尽量使用高中阶段学到的词汇来代替。

(1)The peaches were ripe and soft andI want to take a bite.→The peaches were ripe andsoft and I couldn’t wait to take a bite.(2020·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)

(2)You are definitely welcome to join in the festival, which will give color and fun to our festival.→ You are definitely welcometo show up on stage, which will add color and fun to our festival. (2019·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)

(3) If you take my advice you are sureto have the most unforgettable experience during your college in Beijing.

→Solong asyou take my advice you are bound to havethe most unforgettable experience during your college in Beijing.  (2018·北京高考书面表达第一节)

二、使用亮点词汇的2点注意

1．注意增加亮词的“出镜率”，变消极词汇为积极词汇

阅读中能认识但写作中不会用的词汇属于消极词汇，写作中能运用自如的词汇为积极词汇，也就是平常所说的“第一反应词”。积极词汇量的多少直接决定着英语作文表达水平的高低。现在很多考生的困难是，头脑中的很多词汇介于积极词汇与消极词汇之间；另外，很多背过的消极词汇如果较长时间不接触就会变成陌生词汇。因此在备考过程中，考生要做的事情就是迅速扩大消极词汇量并且保持接触的频度，力争使其变成积极词汇。

很多考生作文驻足不前的一个重要原因是反复使用初中学过的简单词汇，背了大量的亮词妙语而不用。建议大家在想到一个表达时，务必要想一想还有没有更好的表达方式，这就是我们平时常讲的“头脑风暴法”。例如想表达“美丽的”这个含义，大家首先想到的是“beautiful”，那么在下笔时，要想一想还有没有更出彩的表达，如“attractive”或“charming”等。再如表达“困难的”时，大家常用“difficult”，那是不是用“tough”或“challenging”更与众不同呢？

2．注意亮点词汇使用的场合

写作时，在用词上不可随心所欲，决不能为追求“高级”而使用复杂但毫无把握的词语，也不能满篇堆积所谓的“高级”词汇，否则给人过分炫耀之嫌，得不偿失。一般来说，一篇文章能用好三至五个高级词汇就可以了。另外，为能更好地“完成规定的写作任务”，减少错误，特别提醒考生在使用“高级词汇”时，一定要注意遵循“准确、恰当”的原则，并且要注意使用的场合，难词和生僻词汇并不一定就是高级词汇，例如：一大早我们买了一些圣诞礼物。

Early in the morning we purchased some Christmas presents.(purchased太过于书面化，改为bought更地道)

三、写作的秘密武器——24个高级词汇

名 词	普通词汇	高级词汇	普通词汇	高级词汇
chance	opportunity	choice	alternative
idea	opinion	people	individual
result	consequence	effect	influence
动 词	have	posses	replace	substitute
bear	put up with	understand	make sense of
develop	promote	consider	take into account
形容词	enough	adequate	rich	abundant
proper	appropriate	important	vital/significant
interesting	absorbing/ appealing	difficult	challenging
副 词	finally	eventually	hardly	barely
immediately	in a flash	nowadays	currently
连词	so	therefore	and	as well as

(1)It is of importance for you to understand the content, Tang poetry.

→It is of importance for youto make sense of the content ，Tang poetry.

→It is of importance for youto be aware of the content，Tang poetry.

(2) That’s why I think the trip alongthe Yangtze River will be a better choice.

→That’s why I think the tripalong the Yangtze River will be a better alternative.

(3) In the coming three years, our schoollife will be difficult.

→In the coming three years,our school life will be challenging.

四、写作的顶级装备——27个加分词汇

表达关注的名词	attention，focus，concern
表达争论的名词	discussion, debate, argument
表达现象的名词	phenomenon
表达优缺点的名词	advantage, disadvantage, strength，weakness
表达增长或下降的动词	increase，accumulate，decrease， decline
表达导致后果的动词短语	result in，lead  to, bring about, contribute to, give rise to
表达支持、反对的动词短语	approve of, be in favor of, object to
表达可能性的形容词	likely
表达有好处的形容词	beneficial
表达强调的副词	particularly, especially

(1)The picture shows a common phenomenon these days.

这幅图显示了这些日子的一个常见现象。

(2)The Internet has brought about many changes in the workplace.

网络给工作场所带来了很多变化。

(3)Our teacher is likely to get angry when she sees the dirtyfloor.

我们的老师看到地面这么脏时，可能会发火。

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